Sustainable Event Management

| Individual Essay 1. 0 Sustainable events are only possible when they are small and localised. Discuss, using examples. Sustainable events are described as those which meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (IISD 2012). When developing sustainable events, planners need to view the event as a whole and how each part interacts and affects another and also need to take into consideration the effects that the event may have on the environment.Sustainable events are not limited to being only small and localised; in some instances it may be easier to focus on the sustainability of a smaller event as it can be easier to take a holistic approach to a smaller scale event, however as is often the case, larger scale events generally have better knowledge and resources in order to become more sustainable, and many small events can be relatively unsustainable simply because there is a lack of pressure on these events to be min dful of the external environment.There are a number of components which need to be taken into account when developing a sustainable event. These components will form the basis of the reasons why larger scale events can also be sustainable and how smaller events can sometimes be unsustainable by means of comparison of two appropriate events. The London 2012 Olympics were held from July 27 – August 12 2012 and comprised 204 competing countries with over 10,000 athletes competing (Clark and Heseltine 2012).The Summer Olympics are arguably the best known events series internationally, being held every four years with successful host countries being chosen several years prior to the games themselves. With a successful committee of event developers known as the International Olympics Committee (IOC), planning for the event begins some ten years before the commencement of the games in which extensive research of the best possible location and use of resources is undergone in order t o reach the best outcome from many perspectives. The 2012 London Olympics had a particular focus on sustainability.Motorvation is an annual motor event which is held at the Perth Motorplex and comprises a series of car-related events such as burnout competitions, horsepower competitions and sound-off competitions for local car lovers to show off what they are most proud of. The event is held over three days and attracts around 10,000 people from the local area within this time. Planning for the event is minimal as in most cases the same structure is used each year with the major difference being the cars involved and the line-up of these events (Motorvation 2012).The comparison of these two events aims to outline how each event has performed – or not performed – sustainability practices by identifying key components of sustainable events. 1. 1 Pollution In terms of pollution, the London Olympics took a very serious approach to this issue. The London 2012 committee form ed a partnership with BioRegional and WWF in order to develop sustainable practices overall and held a strong focus on pollution levels.A labelling system for recycling was produced which indicated to spectators within the games arena which type of waste product they were using and how to dispose of it correctly in order to keep waste levels at an all-time low. The IOC worked closely with Transport of London to ensure that train services were consistently running so that people could get to the games efficiently and with less harm to the environment by not driving their own vehicles. Motorvation is a car event which is fuelled by the excitement of smoke and burning rubber – both of which are extremely harmful to the environment.Whilst the event has a number of disposal bins around the venue, these are rarely utilised by spectators and this is possibly the only environmentally friendly aspect of the event itself. 1. 2 Community Involvement The host community of the London Olym pics is obviously the locals living within central London. The IOC developed many programs for people living within the area to get involved in leading up to the games such as the Newham Volunteers program which aimed to enrich the lives of locals (Hughes 012) and the Changing Places Program which is also a volunteer program for the youth within the area to create artwork and suchlike to transform the city for the games (London Olympic Games 2012). These community initiatives got the host community as a whole involved and created a sense of positivity among locals which acts on sustainability due to the fact that people living in the area will have a better quality of life in the long term and will have a greater sense of pride in the area they live in. The surrounding community of Motorvation is Perth’s Southern suburbs including Rockingham and Mandurah.Whilst there are a number of volunteer opportunities for these people to get involved in on the day of the event, there are no long-lasting community initiatives related to the event and the market segment that the event attracts is often not too enthusiastic on the idea of volunteering as opposed to watching the event. Whilst the event does generate recognition of Perth’s Southern suburbs, this recognition is often of negative value to the wider Perth community and is unlikely to enrich the lives of people living within the area. 1. Tourism Generation Tourism in London during the 2012 games did suffer from some aspects such as the hotel industry reporting a mere 82 percent occupancy rate over the period (Various authors 2012) however the influx of people from other parts of the UK was tremendous and these day-trippers brought a huge economic boom to many other areas such as shopping locations and food outlets. Being a small localised event, Motorvation does not attract a large number of tourists from other regions with the exception of a minority of obsessive car lovers.Unsurprisingly, the area surrounding the event does not experience any influx of people or income during the time of Motorvation. 1. 4 Job Creation London 2012 generated a number of new jobs within the Olympics itself and in outer London, with over 100000 people being paid to work at the games during the time as well as thousands of volunteers working at the event and various maintenance personnel employed to work on the game during and after the Olympics was held in order to maintain the Olympic stadium and to begin the transformation process of a smaller stadium to use post-games (LondonOlympic Games 2012). Motorvation has a number of volunteer opportunities as mentioned earlier however these positions are very short lived and there is no real job generation as a result of the event. People may choose to volunteer over this time however this does not contribute in any great way to the labour sector and the positions will not be overly enriching to the lives of the people who take them. With the evidence o utlined above, it is clear that small, localised events are not the only events which can be sustainable.Larger events often have greater resources which can be used in order to introduce sustainable practices. The London 2012 Olympics has practiced sustainability successfully in the form of pollution, community involvement, tourism generation and job creation where as Motorvation has contributed very little to sustainability measures in the way the event is conducted. With greater planning, research and development, events can become more sustainable and it is these key components which determine how well an event is conducted in terms of sustainability, not the size of the event.Sustainable event development is the key and with a greater amount of skills, knowledge and resources events can become more sustainable no matter the size or locality. Reference List Clarke, Greg and Michael Heseltine. 2012. â€Å"London is the world's greatest city: now the rest of the country must emul ate its success† The Telegraph, August 30. Hughes, Michael. 2012. â€Å"Lecture 11: Event Legacies. † PowerPoint Lecture Notes. https://lms. curtin. edu. au/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp Iisd: What is sustainability? 2012. IISD. http://www. isd. org/sd/ London Olympic Games: Local Community Work. 2012. London 2012. http://www. london2012. com/about-us/sustainability/local-community-work/ London Olympic Games: Jobs. 2012. London 2012. http://www. london2012. com/about-us/jobs/ Motorvation: About. 2012. Perth Motorplex. http://www. motorplex. com. au/motorvation Various authors. 2012. â€Å"Did London 2012 Pass the Olympics Test? † The Independent, August 13. http://www. independent. co. uk/sport/olympics/news/so-did-london-2012-pass-the-olympic-test-8037290. html

Organizational Focus and Goals Essay

The purpose of the Management Challenges and Concerns Report is to indicate the responsibilities of management and how to meet or exceed company goals. Some of the responsibilities of human resource management consist of providing employees with information on the company’s vision, goal, HIPPA privacy rights, and mission statement. In addition, employees receive information on safety rules, insurance benefits, compensation, employee relations, training, and orientation classes. These responsibilities are significant and require patience along with strong leaders. Human Resource Managers has to acquire a bachelor’s or master’s degree in management, management classes, and pass test. Also human resource management requires the following characteristics: positive, consistent, prompt, role model, team player, and strong leaders. Performance Management consist of appraisal system, driving appraisal process, evaluating employee performance, and performance counseling (Brewster & Soderstrom, 1994). Internal issues pertaining to employees consist of productivity, abiding by company rules, safety, passing training classes, and positive work ethics. Human Resource Management has rules and regulations in the company handbook to ensure consistency at work. These rules and regulations set the pace for a productive and professional workplace environment for employees and management. Internal issues may arise; however it is human resources job to insure the policies put in place are being effective and followed. Staying Connected with New Talent Another example and challenge that we seem to face being able to stay connected with the and young talent, numerous businesses have increased a presence in social media platforms. Many companies have established Facebook and LinkedIn accounts to connect with prospective employees; few of them have even created specific accounts to attract their young employees to  share their working experiences and how satisfied they are with their employers. For example they can share information about its internship programs, how the CEO’s mission and vision is viewed and keep informed on daily bulletins. Half of the population in the United States is younger than 30 years old and Human Resources managers need to be very cognizant of what the younger people want and need from a career in the workplace and how to attract these talent. Enticing Technical Talent and Generating Opportunities Although the country’s unemployed rate is still at 9.1%, the need for Information Technology work force like Electronic Engineers remains a shortage at many businesses. To appeal higher technical talent, various Human Resource recruiters are going back to school to search for these talents. It’s a challenge, but there’s resources out there that can be found and assist in bringing talent to an organization. References Bloomberg BNA: Talent Management Among Top Issues Facing HR Professionals in 2013 Brown, W., Yoshioka, C.F., & Munoz, P. (2004). Organizational mission as a core dimensionin employee retention. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 22 (2): 28-43. Brown, W., Yoshioka, C.F., & Munoz, P. (2004). Organizational mission as a core dimensionin employee retention. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 22 (2): 28-43. Brown, W., Yoshioka, C.F., & Munoz, P. (2004). Organizational mission as a core dimensionin employee retention. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 22 (2): 28-43. Ban, C., Drahnak-Faller, A. & Towers, M. (2003). Human resource challenges in humanservice and community development organizations: Recruitment and retention of professional staff. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 23 (2): 133-153 Ban, C., Drahnak-Faller, A. & Towers, M. (2003). Human resource challenges in humanservice and community development organizations: Recruitment and retention of professional staff. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 23 (2): 133-153 Brewer, G. A. & Selden, S. (1998). Whistleblowers in the federal civil service: New evidenceof the public service ethic. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,8 (3): 413-39. Brewer, G.A. & Selden, S. (1999). Job sculpting: The art of retaining your best people. Harvard Business Review, 144-152.Press the Escape key to close

Rail construction project failure Research Paper

Rail construction project failure - Research Paper Example The rail transport in this country is underdeveloped with rail transportation accounting for less that 1% of the land transportation (Oluwakiyesi 2011). It has been found out that non-utilization of competent consultants and contractors, inconsistencies in government policies, defective cash flow, and inadequate monitoring are the major cause of failure of projects in this country (Ololusi & Otunola 2012). However, the government and other stakeholders have been very slow to react and thus the problem continues to be evident. Morocco on the other hand is an African country that has been able to construct its railway system with all odds. It has recently pursued an upgrading of its rail network to meet the expectations of the customers and aspirations of economic operators (ADB 2011). This indicate that unlike other countries whose rail network rate back in the colonial period, most of the rail networks in Morocco are current. The reason for this is the several successful railway cons truction projects done in this country. The development of the railways in this country is associated with its collaboration with other Arab countries. This collaboration has been assisting Morocco to pull together massive capital investments at the beginning of the railway construction projects thus making them successful. According to Mawared (2012), the forming of community with other countries has aided economic growth in this country thus enhancing success of railway construction projects. b) Statement of the problems Railway construction experiences various problems. According to Lucas (2004), the board and management of railway construction programs find it difficult to keep the programs going at full speed. This causes the railway network in most of the country to stagnate or under-develop. This is one of the problems that will be addressed by this the research we propose. No research has been done to address this problem and that is why this research will be of importance. The other problem is about the funding of railway construction projects. The funding of these projects has been found to be beyond the capability of the government and stakeholders involved (Foch 2012). Very few researches have attempted to solve this problem and they have not been able to provide an appropriate solution to the problem. Therefore, there is a need to design a mean that could be used to fund such projects. Moreover, these projects are not only influenced by financial factors but also by social and environmental factors (COWI 2012). This problem has been avoided for years and that is why we have decided to undertake this research to address it. There is a need to establish some of those factors that might be causing the projects to fail so that to avoid their failures in the future. This will be a third problem that will be addressed by the proposed research. c) Research hypotheses The large sizes of railway construction projects make the projects complicated thus cont ributing to their failures. The large cost involved in the railway construction projects is the major cause of their failures. Other factors like socio-economic and environmental factors also play a great role in causing failure of railway construction projects. Lack of collaboration between the people involved in the r

Empirical paper assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Empirical paper assignment - Essay Example The accuracy of estimation is subject to various factors some of which are beyond control of economists. However in most cases there are counterweights that help balance an error in estimation. This means that in a normal estimation there are over and underestimations that cancel out partially or completely. The fact that stands out in the economists’ estimation is that these overestimations occur year after year and indications point at misinformed estimates. Overestimation of interest rates on government bonds has some serious results. Higher borrowing costs imply that the government sets aside more funds to cover this cost. The end effect is that the government will reduce budgets for other functions and allocate more funds for paying up its public debt. According to the article, economists have a duty come up with ways to increase economic growth. The reasons for this overestimation could be an increase in the amount of funds available for borrowing and to avert any stagnation of bond rates. According to Jared, increased funds available for loaning have the effect of pushing down the costs of borrowing. This can only mean that the estimation techniques used by the economist could be overlooking the increase. Secondly, cost of borrowing is reduced by economic forecasts that indicate growths and inflation. In instances where inflation or reduced economic growth is predicted, costs of borrowing fall. In order to prevent this fall, economists overestimate bond rates so that this acts as a stimulant that will prevent significant drop in borrowing rates. Another aspect of effects of bond rates overestimation is that they give a wrong impression of economic performance. The cost of borrowing influences calculations on Gross Domestic Product since in effect it influences the rate of economic growth. Later in this assignment we shall have a graphical representation of the public debt expressed as a

IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION Essay

IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION - Essay Example However, if pay raises are related directly to performance, an employee who receives a healthy pay increase will more than likely also experience feelings of accomplishment and satisfaction. On the other hand, feedback is the information people receive about their performance. It conveys an evaluation about the quality of their performance behaviors. Giving feedback could be done by providing information to employees regarding their performance on job expectations. This makes feedback is an important part of the education process. For instance, in the school environment, test grades let students know what they have achieved and what they must learn to do better next time. People at work give feedback to reinforce others' good behavior and correct their poor behavior. The recipient of feedback judges its value and determines whether to accept and act on the feedback, reject it, or ignore it. Feedback has different purposes at different career stages. It helps newcomers learn the ropes, mid-career employees to improve performance and consider opportunities for development, and late career employees to maintain their productivity. Managers are an important source of feedba ck because they establish performance objectives and provide rewards for attaining those objectives. Other sources of feedback are co-workers, subordinates, and customers (London, 2003, p. 11). The impact of feedback on job satisfaction could be derived in the fact that it is linked to the psychological reception of an employee. Cullen and Sackett (2003) cited Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model that has identified the five core task dimensions-task identity, task variety, autonomy, task significance, and feedback-are seen in a number of psychological states, such as job satisfaction and subsequent organizational events (like absence and turnover). Research has indeed established that these attributes are useful predictors of job satisfaction (Cullen & Sackett, 2003, p. 169). The problem with feedback is that, generally, people tend to perceive and recall positive feedback more accurately than they do negative feedback. However, as opposed to what many people think, a feedback with a negative sign (e.g., being told your performance is below average) can have a positive motivational impact. In fact, when employees are told they were below average on a creativity test, they subsequently drove to outperform those who were led to believe their results were above average. This is why negative feedbacks can serve as a challenge and could motivate employees to pursue higher goals. Those receiving positive feedback apparently were less motivated to do better. Nonetheless, feedback with a negative sign or threatening content needs to be administered carefully to avoid creating insecurity and defensiveness. Self-efficacy also can be damaged by negative feedback, as discovered in a pair of experiments with business students. With this, Louie (1999) concluded that "t o facilitate the development of strong efficacy beliefs, managers should be careful about the provision of negative feedback. Destructive criticism by managers which attributes the cause of poor performance to internal factors reduces both the beliefs of self-efficacy and the self-set goals of recipients." The traditional top-down feedback programs have now been replaced by two newer approaches, the upward

Communication in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Communication in Business - Essay Example Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Terms of Reference 4 Overview of the situation 4 Analysis of situation 7 Solution &Recommendation 9 Forecasts and outcomes 11 Conclusion 12 Reference 13 Bibliography 15 Terms of Reference This assignment relates to the outsourcing operations performed by a Chinese company A Ltd for a US based multinational company. The US Company outsources its back-office operations and CRM (Customer relationship management) services to A Ltd. The American company finds the labour costs to be exceedingly high in US and hence gets its work done through the Chinese company A Ltd. This enables the former to save on the exorbitant costs arising from getting the work through indigenous sources. It works to the advantage of the Chinese company in the sense that new employment opportunities are created. China is the fastest growing country in the Asian region. However the country faces stiff competition from the companies involved in the outsourcing operations in India. In fact presently India is the favourite destination of the American and UK companies with regard to outsourcing of operations. There are various reasons that explain the preference of India over China. What attracts the western countries to this region is its talent pool. Moreover the cheap quality of labour that is available in these places makes it a win-win situation for the outsourcing companies (United States Agency for International Development, 2009). Overview of the situation China is fast emerging as an important outsourcing destination and is soon expected to give stiff competition to India in a matter of few years. The cost advantage that the clients can generate from outsourcing their work to the country is estimated at 70 percent of the salaries that the company has to shell out in US. However, there are things that a company has to consider other than the labour costs. This includes efficiency, reliability, work quality, communication skills, fle xibility and issues relating to culture which are equally important in framing an outsourcing strategy. With this the macro factors like geopolitical risks are also considered at the time of formulating an outsourcing strategy. China is often hailed as an important outsourcing destination on account of its low cost. In fact China is considered to be cheaper than India. In the words of Bryan Huang, Bearing Point Great China’s President, the service of an engineer costs approximately $4000 per month in US whereas this amounts to merely $500 per month in China. In fact in some places like Dalian or Xian the salary is close to $250 per month. In other words the cost is merely one-sixth or one- eighth in China. China is still in the nascent stage when it comes to its position in the outsourcing industry. The availability of talent pool is also a risk factor in the country. Even though there is abundant supply of cheap labour in the country the quality of the labour force is a seri ous issue. This is mainly due to emerging nature of the industry in China. In fact the companies face difficulties in hiring people having an experience in the sector. In terms of Individualism ranking the country is placed at 20, which is the lowest among all the other Asian countries. This implies that the people of the country prefer to live in ‘groups’ which indicates their preference for commitment and closeness. This has a

Coyote and Geronimo Accounts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coyote and Geronimo Accounts - Essay Example Coyote caused the buffalo to result in a stampede and escaped via rear fence to his people’s advantage (Welker). Conversely, Geronimo was a peaceful Indian prior Mexican soldier invaded their camp while they had traveled to trade in the Old Mexico. They terminated their people were among them was his family and a mother beside looting. This brewed hatred that prompted him to take revenge against his adversaries, for almost a decade. Protagonists Coyote and Geronimo despite emanating from different accounts bear comparable traits that are evident in their unfolding events. Coyote and Geronimo depict determination that is evident in their actions. Coyote after summoning the people and brainstorming how they will attain the buffalo, he volunteers to undertake the mission but fails on the initial occasion. This did not demoralize him where he tried the second instance as a dog and succeeded in  accessing the homestead to chase the buffalo out. Similarly, Geronimo’s determination is evident when after finding that Mexican soldiers have terminated his family, he joined Apache and led his followers to avenge themselves on Mexicans (Native American Legends). Coyote and Geronimo, their heroic actions illustrate strong leadership skills. Coyote summoned his followers after fours days to brainstorm how to get the buffalo from Humpback. The followers lacked any idea, but he devised excellent tactics as a leader, which he contemplated would be successful and even choosing to undertake it. Likewise, Geronimo due to the hatred that resulted from having his family and people terminated, choose to spur hundreds of Apaches for revenge (Cantley 54). Coyote in his actions depicted trickery, contrary to his counterpart Geronimo in his mission.  

Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Disease - Essay Example The primary meaning is that these are representative of continually surfacing contagions reacting to speedy changes in the association between host and the pathogens. Current literature has identified that there are almost 1, 400 species of human pathogens. Almost 60 percent of these pathogens are zoonotic. This implies that almost 60 percent of the pathogens are infections that are transmitted between humans and vertebrates. In reference to Woolhouse et al (2012), emerging and re-emerging pathogens are most probable to be zoonotic. Viruses form a majority of this group. In addition, viruses with RNA sequences constitutes a third of all emerging and re-emerging contagions. Emergent pathogens are characteristically those with a wide host variety ranging across numerous mammalian animals. In the contemporary world, in spite of the exceptional progresses towards development of steps to counter the development of the infectious illnesses, the increased global mutuality, increased world t ravel and climate change have contributed deposits of complication to controlling and containing these contagious diseases that not only have an impact on an individual’s health but also a nation’s economy. ... Remarkably, most of the illnesses originate from animals such as rodents and bats, as shown by the presence of Nipah virus encephalitis, lassa fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (Howard & Fletcher, 2012). Current interest in emerging contagions has centered on three primary fields. First, it has centered on how the interaction of the environment, human societal pressures and climate can cause unanticipated outbursts of emergent illnesses. Second, it has centered on the apprehension on how viruses can be transmitted from a reservoir to a host, and thirdly on recognizing the elements of the illness process that present opportunities for treatment and prevention. Drivers of Emerging Viral Diseases in Humans i. Animals that act as reservoirs of Human diseases Many emerging illnesses arise when transferable agents in animals are passed to people. The advent of agriculture 10, 000 years ago was one of the primary factors that contributed to the rise of majority of the infections in th e present world. Agricultural activities drove people near wild animals and livestock. Notably, people put establishments in these regions (Lashley $ Durham, 2007). This offered a fertile ground for the transmission of infections from the animals to humans. Among the mammalian species, members that make up Muridae family have been the natural hosts of Hantaviruses and arenaviruses. The mamals reproduce faster and increase the population’s exposure and risk to the pathogens. Additionally, domestic livestock have also contributed to the spread and emergence of virus infections. For instance, pigs have been associated with numerous outbursts of emerging infections. A total number of 265 cases of viral infections

Hypermedia website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypermedia website - Essay Example There are always different views to everything, and the use of twitter handle in the hypermedia website is to enable one to create a social network with people in your niche and to be able to know who is talking about your website and what is being discussed (Webdesigner Depot, 2012). Twitter is used in the hypermedia website because it is an appropriate way to conveniently get in touch with this generation that is technologically advanced and social sites are a way of everyday life. Coincidentally, most of these students are bloggers hence it forms a good platform and a communication medium with the user in regard to the topic. Twitter attracts interested parties, so it is bound to bring in more followers to the topic. The emphasis and briefness make the content on the web attractive to read (Iofilm.co.uk, 2012). This is because reading from a screen is more difficult than reading from paper. The usage of fewer texts in the hypermedia website encourages the youngsters to read and hence encourages more persons to join. This is so because the usage of long texts may encourage ambiguous writing which is not good for the website promotion. The homepage is also simple. Research shows that most people look at the homepage of an advert hence the homepage of the hypermedia website is simple. This is so because its simplicity attracts more readers to the website. The use of photo slides in the hypermedia website is to help the high school students relate to the animals found in the rainforests. In addition, a tool (photo slides) enables them to be able to distinguish them from other animals in other parts of the world. The photo slides are used to easily what cannot be put across by use of words alone (Piechnick, 2012). The use of an external search engine will help the student be dynamic in a way that they can outsource material from other sites and enrich their knowledge on

E-Library System Essay Example for Free

E-Library System Essay This chapter presents the software development methodology used by the researchers in the design and development of the proposed Online Library system of UCNHS, the scope and delimitation, the date gathering techniques, and the sources of data. Software Development Methodology The Modified Waterfall Model in software engineering came into existence because of the defects of the traditional Waterfall Model. The phases of the Modified Waterfall Model are similar to the traditional Model. The main change is that phases in the Modified Waterfall Model life Cycle are permitted to overlap. A lot of flexibility has been introduced in the Modified Waterfall Model in software engineering due to overlapping phases. At the same time, a number of tasks can function, concurrently, which ensures that the defects in the software are removed in the development stage itself and the over head cost of making changes to the software before implementation is saved. The Modified Waterfall Model is more relaxed approach to formal procedures, documents and reviews. It also reduces the huge bundle of documents. Due to the development team, the devote to work on the code has more time and does not have to bother about the procedures. The researchers used Modified Waterfall Model because documentation is produced at every stage of the software development. This makes understanding the product designing procedure, simpler and will closely work with the school and users to understand their needs. The figure below describes the structure and activities in the Modified Waterfall Model (Bhakti Satalkar, 2010). Requirement gathering and analysis System Design. Implementation Testing Maintenance Figure 2. Modified waterfall Model Requirement gathering and analysis. All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase. Requirements are a set of functions and constraints that the end user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end user at the start of the software development phase. These requirements are analyzed for their validity, and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be developed is also studied. Finally, a requirement specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. In this phase, the researchers gathered data that might be used in the proposed system and also through an interview with the library staff, performed observation to the transaction and conducted survey with students of Urdaneta City National High School. System Design. Before starting the actual coding phase, it is highly important to understand the requirements of the end user and also have an idea of how should the end product looks like. The requirement specifications from the first phase are studied in this phase and a system design is prepared. System design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining the overall system architecture. The system design specifications serve as an input for the next phase of the model. In this phase, the researchers will use USE CASE, DFD, ERD to evaluate and design the system in accordance to the requirements needed. Implementation. On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality; this is referred to as unit testing. Unit testing mainly verifies if the modules/units meet their specifications. The researchers will use visual basic 2010 as programming language to create and develop the system. Likewise, MS SQL as database is used as the back end to store, maintain and manage the database integrated to the system. Upon implementation, several testing will also be done to ensure that each module is working properly. Testing. As specified above, the system is first divided in units which are developed and tested for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer. In this phase, the researchers will test the system to ensure that the developed system functions are according to its requirements and to avoid errors. Maintenance. Inevitably the system will need maintenance. Software will definitely undergo change once it is delivered to the school library. There are many reasons for the change. Change could happen because of some unexpected input values into the system and it could directly affect the software operation. The software should be developed to accommodate changes that could happen during post implementation period. In case there are changes necessary it has to be fixed to make the system usable or to make it comply with the library staff wishes. In this phase, the researcher will instruct the librarian on how to operate and maintain the system. Meanwhile other features that will be implementing in this phase are beyond the limitation of the researchers. Scope and Delimitations This project covers the development of Digital Library System of Urdaneta City National High School. Specifically, it will cater all the processes done in inventory, borrowing, returning, and reservation of books. The Digital Library System of Urdaneta City National High School can access by the admin which is the Librarian, students in UCNHS, teachers of UCNHS and guest which is the alumni and students from different schools. Guest can only inquire for books availability and reserve it personally. However, the proposed system limits on the contents of book that can be viewed digitally, only the title page, table of contents and its overview are applied. Only the students and teachers are allowed to reserve and borrow book through online. The guest is not allowed to reserve books through online. Teachers and students referral is not included in the system. Data Gathering Techniques The researchers gathered information of the system through structured interview, questionnaire and document analysis to the UCNHS library staff and students. The use of references allowed additional information about software and system Requirements as well as how some organizations use the Internet in making achieves for records that later becomes a collective library on the internet. Structured Interview. Means of collecting data for a statistical survey. In this case, the data is collected by an interviewer rather than through a self-administered questionnaire. Interviewers read the questions exactly as they appear on the survey questionnaire. The choice of answers to the questions is often fixed (close-ended) in advance, though open-ended questions can also be included within a structured interview. In a series of interviews, researchers knew exactly what information are needed and prepared a list of pre-determined question that will be asking to the respondents. The researchers gather some viewpoints of the people around the system that could make more efficient particularly to library and employees. Document Analysis. Technique used to gather requirements during the requirements elicitation phase of a project. It describes the act of reviewing the existing documentation of comparable business processes or systems in order to extract pieces of information that are relevant to the current project, and therefore should be consider projects requirements. In support to the structured interview, the researchers gathered and examined thoroughly the existing documents like catalogue, logbook, and book card. Questionnaire. Research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis of the responses, this is not always the case. Questionnaires will be distributed to the students as input to the design of the proposed system. Likewise, with their feedbacks, features can be determined. Sources of data The Librarian, Library staff and students were interviewed as primary respondents. Also books and thesis manuscript were used to determine other requirements of the propose system. The researchers used websites, online libraries and other similar studies as references in this study. In addition to this, the researchers will distribute questionnaires to the Urdaneta National High School students to get information that will help in the progress of the development of the project study. Table 1: List of Respondents RESPONDENTS| NUMBER OF RESPONDENT| Librarian| 1| Library Staff| 2| Students| 100| Teachers| 50| Total| 153|.

The Classification Of Learning Strategies English Language Essay

The Classification Of Learning Strategies English Language Essay Interest in the characteristics of good learners led researchers to identify learning strategies. Learners are different because of their internal differences and the role played by the external factors. Among these differences are the strategies used by learners (Griffiths and Parr, 2001, p 249). In some researches the terms strategies and skills are used synonymously à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦skills and strategies such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Drake, 2008, p 8), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦skills/ strategiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Lu, 2006, p ii). In other researches, skills are differentiated from strategies. Skills are defined as acquired abilities, proficiencies (Harris and Hodges 1981, 298) and a mode(s) or manner(s) in which language is used (Richards et al. 1985, 160) and they are used to perform well (Hudson, 2007, p 78). In (Griffiths, 2004) strategies are defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾devicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Ellis 1986; Rubin 1975), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾techniquesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Rubin 1975), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾operations, stepsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (OMalley et al 1985), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾directionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ (Stern 1992) and are used to acquire (Rubin 1975) to facilitate, (OMalley et al 1985), and to compensate (Ellis 1986). Strategies are also different from skills in that they are used consciously (Nuttall, 1996). Because they are tools, strategies are assumed to dominate over skills (OMalley et al., 1985, p 557). In this work, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾strategiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ is used to refer to the systematic ways which are consciously used by the readers to guide and enhance their reading processes. 2.6.1 Classification of learning strategies Researchers have tried to produce lists of learning strategies. Classification of learning strategies has primarily followed the theory of cognition, which is concerned with the way the brain works to process and call information back (Macaro, 2001). Rubin (1975) defined learning strategies as the techniques or devices which a learner may use to acquire knowledge. She divided these techniques or devices into Direct Learning Strategies and Indirect Learning Strategies. Direct Strategies are directly related to the items or issues being learned. They are clarification/verification, monitoring, memorisation, guessing/inductive inferencing, deductive reasoning, and practice. Indirect Learning Strategies are concerned with learning environment adaptation: creating opportunities for practice, and production tricks (Hismanoglu, 2000). Rubinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s (1975) classification reflects an interest in the relationship between the strategies used on one hand and learning processes and learning-environment adaptation on the other. In a later study, Wenden and Rubin (1987) learning strategies were classified into cognitive strategies and self-management strategies (Gamage, 2003). While cognitive strategies are concerned with the procedure used by the learner to process the information received, self-management strategies involve controlling the learning process itself. Using the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾self-managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ highlights the conscious use of the strategies. Social and affective factors were introduced in the classification presented by OMalley and Chamot (1990). They classified language-learning strategies into Cognitive strategies, Metacognitive strategies and Social/ Affective strategies (OMalley and Chamot, 1990, pp 44, 45). Cognitive strategies are relevant to the learning activities used by the learners to process new information. Metacognitive strategies are the activities which reflect a learners knowledge and management of his/ her learning process. Finally, Social/Affective strategies account for the social and affective aspects related to learning such as interacting with other people or controlling oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s own feelings while learning. Oxford (1990) developed the so-called Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) which also apply to teaching. In this inventory, she divided strategies into main groups: Direct strategies and Indirect strategies. She divided these two major groups into six subgroups. 1) Direct Strategies: Cognitive Strategies (practicing, receiving and sending messages, analysing and reasoning, and creating structure for input and output) Metacognitive Strategies (centring learning, arranging and planning learning, and evaluating learning) Memory Strategies (creating mental linkages, applying images and sounds, reviewing, and employing action) 2) Indirect Strategies: Compensation Strategies (guessing intelligently, and overcoming limitations) Social Strategies (asking questions, cooperating with others, and empathising with others) Affective Strategies (lowering anxiety, encouraging oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s self, and taking emotional temperature) (Oxford, 1990, p 17) This classification of strategies can be considered the most detailed one because of its headings and subheadings. 2.7 Reading strategies Reading strategies are defined as readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ conscious use (Nuttall, 1996, p 40) of techniques, operations or steps a learner takes to conceive a task, what textual cues they attend to, how they make sense of what they read, and what they do when they do not understand (Block, 1986, p 465). Doing so, readers should be aware of the strategies used and how to control them when they read (Paris et al., 1986, pp 92- 108). L1 reading studies constituted the base of reading studies in general.and the results and procedures were extended to cover L2 studies. Grabe and Stoller (2002) point out that foreign language teachers should assist students to transfer L1 reading strategies and to gain sufficient L2 proficiency (pp 84, 85). Studies of L1 reading strategies have usually concentrated on describing and listing the characteristics and strategies that distinguish good readers from poor readers and on the factors or reasons that may affect the reading process. Olshavsky (1976/1977) studied the effect of reading material and interest in reading strategy use for 24 tenth grade students while they were trying to comprehend a short story. The results revealed that both good readers and poor readers used the same strategies; however, readers with high interest in the material used strategies more frequently than did readers with low interest. In relation to the material, readers used more strategies when engaged in abstract material. Thus, it can be concluded that the kind of material and readers interest affect the number of the strategies used. Hosenfeld (1977) compared the strategies used by good readers and poor readers. The subjects were 40 students out of the 210 students who administered MLA-Cooperative Test of Reading Proficiency in Western New York. Twenty of the subjects scored high (32-45), and the other twenty scored low (13-19). The researcher concluded that good readers are characterised by keeping the meaning of the passage in mind as they read, reading in broad phrases, skipping words that are considered unimportant and unknown, looking up words, correctly, in the glossary as a last resort, and having a positive self-image as a reader. This study reveals that good readers are strategic and make use of their working memory. Some studies investigated certain strategies rather than describing the general characteristics of the reader. Kavale and Schreiner (1979) compared the way reasoning strategies were used by eight average and eight above-average readers who were selected from sixth grade population in a suburban public elementary school based on their scores in the Comprehension section of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test. Although the two levels used similar strategies, above- average readers used strategies more efficiently and successfully. Moreover, they realised that the above-average readers used strategies flexibly and sought alternatives when they needed to. In this study, it seems that the difference between the readers is not the number or kind of strategies used rather it is a matter of efficiency and flexibility. Studies also investigated the use of a group of strategies to achieve one purpose. Afflerbach (1990) investigated the strategies used to construct the main idea of difficult texts, and the contribution of prior knowledge to strategy use. The participants were eight (four anthropology doctoral students, four chemistry doctoral students) who had relatively high background knowledge in their own field, and relatively low knowledge in the other field. The two texts used in this study were from two different knowledge domains: anthropology and chemistry. In this study, the topic sentences were removed from the texts. He noticed that four strategies were used: Draft-and-Revision, Topic/ Comment, Initial Hypothesis, and Listing. In Draft-and-Revision, the reader jots down an idea, judges it, then when it proves to be wrong, it is revised. The second strategy is Topic/ Comment, in which the reader highlights a topic and comments on it. The third is generating an Initial Hypothesis based on the title, the first sentence, or skimming the text; then testing the accuracy of th e hypothesis and modifying it. The final strategy is Listing where the related words, concepts, or ideas are grouped together. It was also noticed that familiarity with the text generated its automatic processing (Afflerbach, 1990, p 33). This may suggest a relationship between automaticity and prior knowledge. The strategies used can also be affected by level of difficulty. Kletzien (1991) compared the strategies used by good readers and poor readers as they were presented with texts that varied in difficulty. The 48 participants in this study were 10th and 11th grade students at a suburban high school in the U.S. Twenty four of these subjects were good comprehenders while the others were poor comprehenders. She observed that both groups used the same type and number of strategies when the text introduced suited groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s level. However, poor readers used fewer strategies than the good readers as the texts became more difficult. Macaro (2001) also reported that good readers do not get anxious when they do not understand (Macaro, 2001, pp 86, 88). Kozminsky and Kozminsky (2001) explored the relationship between general knowledge and skills in applying reading strategies on one hand and reading comprehension on the other. The participants were 205 ninth-graders in two comprehensive high schools in a city in southern Israel. Thirty four subjects were expected to successfully complete the full high school programme and full course of the national matriculation examinations, 128 were expected to get the diploma and take a few of the national matriculation examinations, 21 students were expected to complete the high school programme and obtain a diploma, and finally 22 were expected to complete twelve years of schooling to obtain a diploma. In this study, the researchers concluded that general knowledge and the ability to apply reading strategies contribute to reading comprehension. However, this contribution varied because of the differences in the educational level of the students (academic, semi-academic, vocational, and learning disabilities). Through think-aloud protocol and interviews, Lau (2006) highlighted the difference in the reading strategies used by four good and four poor Chinese readers. These subjects were in eighth grade in Hong Kong. The researcher realised that good readers are characterised by their knowledge of vocabulary and strategies, their abundant use of the strategies, and their memory capacity whereas poor readers lack these characteristics. L2 reading proficiency can also affect metacognitive strategies. Koli -Vehovec and BajÃ…Â ¡anski (2007) explored comprehension monitoring of bilingual (Croatian native speaking) students at different levels of perceived proficiency in Italian. They noted that proficient students in a second language showed greater mastery of monitoring skills than the less proficient students, and that monitoring contributed to reading comprehension in higher elementary school. These studies show that good readers are characterised by their knowledge of vocabulary and their working memory capacity. These characteristics helped them use reading strategies more efficiently and flexibly than poor readers. Lack of these abilities and prior knowledge about the reading material, and textsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ levels of difficulty affected poor readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ achievement negatively. The strategies mentioned in the above studies can be grouped into three categories: tools used in the reading process, manipulation of reading material and planning and monitoring of reading process. The following table summarises that.

Elvis Life :: essays research papers

On a hot Saturday afternoon in the late summer of 1953, a beat up ford pickup truck sat in front of The Memphis Recording Studio, where, anyone for 4 dollars a pop could make themselves a record. The truck driver- an eighteen year old, aspiring country music singer who made only $40 a week as a deliveryman for crown electric had saved up four dollars to sing and play guitar as a late birthday present for his mother. A woman by the name of Marion Keisker made conversation with the young man. â€Å"What kind of singer are you?† She asked him. â€Å"I sing all kinds,† he said. â€Å"Well, who do you sound like?† she asked. â€Å"I don’t sound like nobody,† he replied. â€Å"Do you sing hillbilly?† she asked. â€Å"Yeah, I sing hillbilly,† he said. â€Å"Well, what hillbilly do you sound like?† she asked. â€Å"I don’t sound like nobody,† he said. It was at last the young man’s turn. Ms. Keisker went to the back of the studio to get everything setup and decided to stay back and listen to him sing. For his first number, he chose â€Å"My Happiness,† a popular song sung by the Ink spots, and for the his second number, â€Å"That’s When your Heart Ache Begins.† On both songs he accompanied himself on guitar. While performing his first number Ms Keisker was very impressed and secretly recorded the last part of the first song and all of the second song. The Monday morning she gave the tape to Sam Phillips her boss and president of Sun Records. Phillips was very impressed with the young man’s voice. Who would have thought that this silly little recording would soon make a young man the â€Å"King of Rock N’ Roll!† On January 8, 1935, Gladys and Vernon Presley gave birth to a stillborn to whom they gave the name Jesse and 35 minutes later gave birth to his identical twin Elvis Aaron Presley. Elvis was born in East Tupelo Mississippi and was raised by his mother and father who were extremely over protective of him and taught him to be very well behaved and polite. From a very young age Elvis showed evidence of having an exceptional singing talent. By the age of eight he was singing hymns with his mother and father at camp meetings, revivals, and at the Sunday morning services of the First assembly of God Church.

The Contributions of Adam Smith and John M Keynes to the Study of Economics :: Adam Smith, John M Keynes

Adam Smith was the founder of economics, as we know it today. His thoughts have shaped modern ideas about the market economy and the role of the state in relation to it. Smith laid the intellectual framework that explained the free market (which still holds true today) and laissez-faire. Both are connected with the underlying theme of economic growth. Smith's analysis is not confined to showing the interrelation between the different elements of a continually maintained system. It also explains how the system can generate the continual accumulation of wealth. And since, according to Smith, this process is most successful when left to the play of natural forces, his analysis leads him to urge governments to let well alone. Laissez-faire government believes commerce and trade should be permitted to operate free of controls of any kind; there should be no tariffs or other barriers. The direct translation from the French language is â€Å"leave alone to do†, which is self-explanatory. He is most often recognized for the expression "the invisible hand," which he used to demonstrate how self-interest guides the most efficient use of resources in a nation's economy, with public welfare coming as a by-product. It simply encourages businesses to provide what consumers want and at the same time it discourages government involvement. He believed that the only responsibilities of the government should be to define property rights, set up honest courts, impose minor taxes and subsides to compensate for well defined and narrowly specified â€Å"market failures†. To underscore his laissez-faire convictions, Smith argued that state and personal efforts, to promote social good are ineffectual compared to unbridled market forces. Adam Smith explained that a monopoly charges any price that it chooses, robs consumers and makes countries less efficient and poorer. Competition, he said, means that businesses try to charge the lowest price possible, so consumers get maximum value for money. If they can buy more, they support more jobs in the economy and the country grows richer. Without the police stopping competition, he said, monopolies cannot survive for long. Around the world today, government monopolies and other bad practices are under major assault from Adam Smith's ideas. Adam Smith believed that strong government was a great necessity, particularly to create and enforce laws and to ensure justice. He believed in a democratic partnership between government and the people, but knew that each should do what it does best - businessmen should not control the justice system, nor should government try to run businesses.

Prison Reform in Russia and Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky

The novel Crime and Punishment occurs in the summer of 1865; a time when radical legal and social changes swept through Russia. The reforms of 1860’s and 1870’s were known as the Great Reforms because they affected every aspect of Russian life. With â€Å"an 1861 decree emancipating the serfs and [a] monumental reform of the court system in 1864,† the Russian society was still transitioning from an Estate-of-the-realm style toward a more just system focused on equality (Burnham 1227). The reformed penal system is not just under the modern sense of justice, yet it provided a far greater level of equality than the previous model, dominated by aristocrats and government officials. Lagging behind a few years, Russia was following the trend of the other European countries by remodeling the penal and criminal justice system (Timasheff 16-18). According to The Politics of Punishment: Prison Reform in Russia, Robbins Jr. asserts, â€Å"the Great Reforms of the 1860s set in motion a process that dramatically altered the Russian penal system† (1282). France and England already had reformed and well-established courts; thus, the Russians felt an urge to follow them (Historically speaking, from the days of the Enlightenment, Russia wanted to be considered a prosperous country like the great European nations, but its tyrannical government and social policies prevented it from doing so. Russia, the little stepbrother of the European states, looked from a distance at the splendor of the flourishing states to the west. Russia’s Czars, Peter and Catherine the great, attempted to model the country like a western state while retaining a unique Russian identity, and the nineteenth century illustrates this transition). Filled with a sense of p... ...tally (Dostoevsky 350-355). Dostoevsky is cynical of the criminal justice system because not only does it cheat society, but also it cheats its own rules. This almighty governmental power is reminiscent the previous unjust systems. Talking about the dying horse in Raskolnikov’s dream, the people insist â€Å"she’s damn well going to gallop,† but Dostoevsky urges them not to beat the dead horse (57). A complete teardown and rebuilt seems like the only real solution to fixing the disorganized justice and penal system of Russia. Dostoevsky uses Crime and Punishment to analyze and critique the transitioning legal and justice system of 1860’s Russia. He argues that the true purpose of the criminal justice system is to rehabilitate and restore an individual; society needs the institution since not everyone is as thoughtful and ultimately good-hearted as Raskolnikov.

Freedom Fighters Essay

Nelson Mandela was a visionary freedom fighter who brought about the end of an apartheid society and solidified the democratic elections of presidents by majority rule to South Africa. Born in 1918, Mandela’s early introduction to leadership in the Thembu tribe molded his democratic beliefs (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). His youth found him exposed to Western culture which ultimately led him to abandon the Thembu culture and relocate to Johannesburg (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). It was during his early years in Johannesburg that he explored the many political philosophies that surrounded him. It was also during this time that Mandela began thoughtful observation and contemplation of the struggles of the black men and women in South Africa. Mandela came to the conclusion, â€Å"It was not lack of ability that limited my people, but lack of opportunity† (Sohail, 2005). His profound dissatisfaction with the apartheid society and the oppression of his people eventually led him to join the African National Congress or ANC in 1944 (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). In 1948, the Afrikaner dominated National Party established the apartheid customs into law (Sohail, 2005). In response to this the ANC initiated the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws at the urging of Mandela (Sohail, 2005). This was the turning point for the ANC and the beginning of Mandela’s rise to recognized leader within the ANC. Prior to this campaign the ANC was committed to peaceful negotiations. With Mandela’s convincing they converted to nonviolent protesting with the goal of overthrowing the white minority government and putting an end to the apartheid laws (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). These unsuccessful protests were met with violent opposition. It was one such violent encounter that propelled Nelson Mandela and the ANC to adopt violence as a means of protest. In 1960, sixty nine protestors were killed by government police, this act ultimately lead to the development of Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) by Nelson Mandela (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). The Umkhonto we Sizwe was an offshoot of the ANC whose sole purpose was to engage in violent sabotage of the government. It was Nelson Mandela’s activities within the Umkhonto we Sizwe that ultimately l ed to his capture and incarceration. His trial and sentencing captivated a world audience and forced the actions of the South African government into an international spotlight.(â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). Fully expecting the  death penalty, Mandela rebutted the idea of seeking appeal recognizing the strength of his position in regard to the cause; â€Å"If anything we might serve the cause greater in death as martyrs than we ever could in life† (Sohail, 2005). Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment and solidified his standing as a symbolic embodiment of South African’s fight for freedom (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). While incarcerated the violence that Mandela birthed continued to escalate over the years. The world continued to pay attention and the United Nations began supporting sanctions against the South African government (Sohail, 2005). Mandela, aware of the violent chaos, began to contemplate a change in strategy. Recognizing that the movement he began was not vast enough to outright overthrow the existing government he began to consider the possibility of negotiations. At the height of the violence and with increasing international pressure t he South African government was ready to negotiate as well. The first of many secret meeting took place in 1988 between President Botha and Nelson Mandela (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). While these negotiations failed to produce any compromises they set the precedent for Botha’s successor F.W. de Klerk in 1989. President de Klerk was committed to change and meaningful negotiations. With the help of President de Klerk, Mandela established the foundation on which the ANC and the South African Government would negotiate (Sohail, 2005). President de Klerk overturned several of the apartheid laws and ensured Mandela his freedom. Nelson Mandela, to the celebration of millions, was released on February 11, 1990 (Sohail, 2005). After spending 27 years in prison, Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk mediated the negotiation of the multiparty Convention for a Democratic South Africa (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). The culmination of these negotiations was the Record of Understanding signed by Mandela and de Klerk in 1992 establishing a â€Å"freely elected constitutional assembly† (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009) and the drafting of a new constitution. The first free democratic elections took place on April 27, 1994 (â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009), effectively ending the minority white reign and the apartheid laws. For Mandela’s significant contributions and sacrifices to bring about these social and political changes he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993(â€Å"Nelson Mandela,† 2009). Andrew Jackson was a revolutionist and the 7th President of the United States. It was though this pursuit of the United States presidency  that he changed the political landscape; changing the way presidents were elected and solidifying presidential power. He further initiated significant change with the displacement of the Native Americans westward. (Red Hill Productions, 2007) Andrew Jackson was born 1767 in South Carolina. Orphaned by the Revolutionary War at the age of 15, he quickly developed a reputation of being â€Å"hot tempered and violent† (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Yet at the same time, he maintained a strong work ethic and earned a law degree. He relocated to the frontier lands of Tennessee at the age of 20 to serve as a public prosecutor. It was during this period in his life that he first experienced formal politics. Serving as Tennessee’s first Congressman he quickly became disenchanted with the political scene. Frustrated with ineffective committee meetings and what he saw as far reaching corruption, he returned to Tennessee where he became a superior court judge. (Red Hill Productions, 2007) At the urging of his supporters and amid far reaching popularity, Jackson once again entered politics with a bid for the 1822 presidential race. Andrew Jackson was defeated in 1824 despite winning the popular vote. John Quincy Adams was awarded the presidency at the discretion of the sitting House of Representative (â€Å"Andrew Jackson,† 1997). Empowered by what they saw as a corrupt election process where presidents were decided via the political elite and not the will of the common people, Jackson’s supports organized the first Democratic Party (Red Hill Productions, 2007). United under the Democratic Party the common people led a feverish campaign. This campaign culminated in the electing of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1828 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Recognizing the political power of an organized party the Republican Party was realized later in the decade. Originally dubbed â€Å"the National Whig Party† (Red Hill Productions, 2007), the birth of this party laid the foundation for a two party political system that continues to dominate politics today. During Andrew Jackson’s two term presidency he further enacted political change by redefining the role of President within the government. In juxtaposition with the founding fathers, Jackson saw the role of the President as the leader in gov ernment rather than the Congress (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Being the only position in government to be elected by the vast majority of the common people, Andrew Jackson envisioned the presidential responsibility as to â€Å"serve the good of all people† (Red Hill Productions, 2007). With  this responsibility came great power which Jackson wielded with great efficiency. He invoked his executive power and utilized his veto power vehemently (Red Hill Productions, 2007). With this wide sweeping reform and successful transition of political power to the President, Andrew Jackson is credited with being the first modern President (Red Hill Productions, 2007). While serving as President, Andrew Jackson determined to secure westward expansion of the United States enacted even further political and social change with the Indian Removal Act of 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Jackson was the catalyst that ultimately concluded with the displacement of the Native Americans east of the Mississippi (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Recognizing the significance of westward expansion for the continued success of the United States, Jackson introduced the Indian Removal Act in a message to Congress in 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This displacement of the Native Americans wou ld open Native American lands for the white Americans to develop and expand westward. The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress in 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Despite the Supreme Court ruling in favor of the Cherokee people, Andrew Jackson moved forward with the Indian Removal Act forcing a westward movement of the Cherokee people (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This westward movement was famously termed â€Å"the Trail of Tears† (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This impacted the Creek and Seminole people as well and effectively solidified the expansion of the white farmers and business entrepreneurs on the land west of the Mississippi for the American people (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Andrew Jackson’s contribution of the establishing of political parties and the expansion of presidential power solidifies his legacy of enacting significant political and social change. These contributions continue to remain the foundation of politics in the United States. His Indian Removal Act was an equally significant example of political and social change that allowed the United States to expand westward. This westward expansion firmly cemen ted the continued success of the United States. References Andrew Jackson. (1997). In Biography Reference Bank. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/delivery?sid=986fb1e9-82c5-4a86-8443-28de1ed235%40sessionmgr112&vid=13&hid=4208 Nelson Mandela. (2009). In Biography

Memories are life Essay

â€Å"The only real treasure is in your head. Memories are better than diamonds and nobody can steal them from you† by Rodman Philbrick, The Last Book in the Universe. If we think about what life is made up, we can say that memories build life. We save all the important and happy events that occurred in our lives as well as the most sad and worst moments. It is said that the brain is the most powerful part of humans, but as part of the brain, memory is an essential piece of it. As I mentioned before, memories build life, each day we put on practice what we have learned and live. I believe that in life we don’t have anything secure but our memories, once we die we don’t take anything we have right now. When we remember happy moments we have live, it’s like re-living them again and feeling the joy we felt at the moment. I decided to choose the memory as the topic of my Psychology class essay because from a while ago I started to have issues with my memory. At first I thought it was because of the problems that I was going through at the time, and also preparing for college. Time passed and I still was having trouble with remembering stuff, I came to think it was a hereditary health problem because my dad and grandmother never remember something. I feel frustrated because without a memory is like we never have lived, we constantly live through memories. Remembering what we have gone through and manage to take a positive attitude even if the memory brings us negative feelings. In this essay I will cover specific topics about the memory which is â€Å"the retention of information or experience over time as the result of three key processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval†, according to Laura A. King in  Experience Psychology. Throughout the essay I will discuss the basic memory process, also I will talk about the different stages of memory as well as the different types of memory, along with the explanations of when the memory fails (forgetting). In my opinion these three subjects are very essential part to understand how the memory works and find the explanation of why we forget things, which is my case. But also relate these topics to our daily lives. To begin with, I will explain the process of memory so later on I can discuss the different possibilities of why we forget. The first step in the process of memory is called encoding which is the processing information into memory accordingly to a Sparknotes article, Memory. For instance, we might remember where we ate in the morning even if we didn’t try remembering it but in the contrary it is possible that we are going to be able to remember the material in textbooks we covered during elementary school, high school or even more recent in college. It is stated that in the process of memory encoding, we have to pay attention to the information so we can later recall all the information. In the content of Memory, the second step in memory process is storage, the retention of information over time and how this information is represented in memory (King). In this process is often use the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory that is made up of three separate systems: sensory memory- time frames of a fraction of a second to several seconds, short-term memory- time frames up to 30 seconds and long-term memory- time frames up to life time (King). The third and last step of this course is memory retrieval, the process of information getting out of storage. Likewise, I will explain the first stage of memory called sensory memory or immediate memory. As stated in Experience Psychology, the sensory memory holds information from the world in its original sensory form for only an instant, not much longer that a brief time. In this stage of memory the â€Å"five† senses are used to hold the information accurately. In Sensory Memory by Luke Mastin, the stimulus that is detected by our senses has two options, it can either be ignored meaning it would go away at the instance or it can be perceived staying in our memory. As I mentioned before, our senses are being used in the sensory memory stage and have their specific name for example when we perceived the information through our vision it is called  iconic memory also referred as visual sensory memory. The iconic memory holds an image only for about  ¼ of a second. Not only but also, we also have the echoic memory which refers to auditory sensory memory, this function is in charge to hold part of what we listen/hear. For instance, when the professor is dictating a subject, we are trying to write fast so we can hold on all the information given at the moment and not forget what the professor said. Another stage of memory is called the short-term memory (STM), according to a web article Short-Term Memory, of Luke Bastin, the short-term memory is responsible for storing information temporarily and determining if it will be dismissed or transferred on to our third stage called long-term memory. Short-term memory sometimes is associated with working memory, which is a newer concept that the British psychologist Alan Baddeley came up with. Although working memory emphasizes in the brain’s manipulation and how it collects information so we can easily make decisions as well solve problems and mostly understand the information. It said that the working memory is not as passive as the short-term memory but both have limited capacity to retained information. Additionally to this stage, we have the fi nding of George Miller which wrote in his book called The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two. In this book Miller talks about two different situations. The first kind of situation is called absolute judgment which states that a person should correctly differentiate between very similar items such as shades of green and high/low-pitched tones. The second situation states that a person must recall items presented in a sequence, meaning that a person must retain certain number of chunks in their short-term memory. King also mentions that to improve short-term memory we consider two ways of doing it, chunking and rehearsal. According to King, chunking involves grouping or packing information that exceeds the 7  ± 2 memory span into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units. For example, when the professor is dictating a list of things like: cold, water, oxygen, air, rain and snow, we are likely able to recall all words or even better all six words instead of having a list like: S IXFL AGSG REATA MERI CA. When we have a list like that it will be harder to remember it because none of the six chunk words make sense, but if we re-chunk the letters we get â€Å"Six Flags Great America†, and that way we have better chance to remember it. The second way to improve our short-term memory is by  rehearsal, ac tually there are two types of rehearsal, maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal. Maintenance rehearsal is the repeating of things over and over; usually we use this type of rehearsal. In the other hand, we have the elaborative rehearsal which is the organizing, thinking about, and linking new material to existing memories. Continuing with the stages of memory, now I will talk about the third stage which is the long-term memory. In the article, What Is Long-Term Memory? by Kendra Cherry, long-term memory (LTM) refers to the continuing storage of information. In difference of the other two stages of memory, LTM memories can last for a couple of days to as long as many years. LTM is divided into types of memory, declarative (explicit) memory and procedural (implicit) memory. Later on I will explain in detail what are these two types of memory. Now that I have gone through the three stages of memory which are sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory, I will discuss the different types of memory. The different types of memory rely on the long-term memory section, the first type of memory that I will talk about is explicit memory also known as declarative memory. This type of memory â€Å"is the conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts and events and, at least in humans, i nformation that can be verbally communicated† (Tulving 1989, 2000). Some examples when we use our explicit memory is when we try to remember our phone number, writing a research paper or recalling what time and date is our appointment with our doctor. It said that this process type of memory is one of the most used in our daily lives, as we constant remember the tasks that we have to do in our day. In another article by Kendra Cherry called Implicit and Explicit Memory, Two Types of Long-Term Memory, informs us about two major subtypes that falls into the explicit memory. One is called episodic memories which are memories of specific episodes of our life such as our high school graduation, our first date, our senior prom and so on. The second subsystem of explicit memory is the semantic memory; this type of memory is in charge to recall specific factual information like names, ideas, seasons, days of the month, dates, etc. I can easily remember my quienceaà ±era party, it was May 24, 2008, at this exact moment I can recall what was the first thing I did when I woke up that and also what I did before sleeping but there are episodes on that day that I’m not able to remember. Moreover, I will discuss the second type of memory which is  implicit memory. Stated by King, implicit memory is the memory which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of that experience, in other words things we remember and do without thinking about them. Some examples of our implicit memories are driving a car, typing on a keyboard, brushing our teeth, and singing a familiar song. Within the implicit memory we have three subtypes; the first one is the procedural memory that according to King is a type of implicit memory process that involves memory for skills. The procedural memory process basically is the main base of the implicit memory, since all of us unconsciously do many things throughout the day, like I mentioned before driving a car or simply dress ourselves to go to school, work or wherever we have to go. The other substype of implicit memory is the classical conditioning which involves learning a new behavior via the process of association, it is said that two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response. For instance, phobias are a classical conditioning as the Little Albert Experiment result was. I personally I’m more than afraid to spiders, in other words my phobia is called arachnophobia which can be control and learn to overcome the fear and anxiety it gives me every time I see a spider or even think about a spider. The last subsystem of the implicit memory process is the priming, Kings states that priming is the activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster. Priming it is sometimes called recognition memory; an example of priming is when little kids are learning colors, they associate two things such as apple and color red. To learn the red color they will remember the apple and it w ould be easier for them. Furthermore, I will talk about what I think is the most important part of my essay that is forgetting. As I said at beginning of my essay I have experienced difficulties with my memory, I forget simple things. For instance, in daily bases my mom gives me a message to give my dad or sisters or just asks me to do something for her, I say yes I will do it but later on I totally forget. Before taking this class, I believe that the reason I forget things, it is because I’m distracted at the time and didn’t paid attention so that’s why later I’m not able to remember it. Now that I have taken the class and researched the topic I found reasons of why we forget things, one reason is the retrieval failure, that is the failure process of  accessing stored memories. It is what we do when we have exams; we try to remember what we have learned/study and we just don’t remember anything. Within the retrieval failure we have what is called interference theory, it is the theory that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other informati on gets in the way of what they want to remember (King). There are two kinds of interference that can be a possible reason of forgetting, are is called proactive and retroactive. In the proactive interference occurs when the current information is lost because it is mixed up with previously learned, similar information. This happens to me when I try to study two different subjects right after another, I get confused about both subjects and sometimes I even stop studying because I’m not able to focus and understand the material. The second type of retroactive interference is when the new information interferes with the old information memories, an example of it is when at jobs we learned a new task but forget older tasks. Moving forward, we have another possible cause of forgetting is called decay theory. In another article by Kendra Cherry, Explanations for Forgetting, Reason Why We Forget, decay theory is a memory trace that is created every time a new theory is formed. The only problem is that over time this trace disappears. The failure to store is also a possible reason that causes us to forget, this is because encoding failures sometimes prevent information from entering long-term memory (Cherry). In conclusion, I believe that one of the most essential part of the brain is our memory. We can have billions of dollars and buy anything we want but at the end the only thing we are taking of us is what we have live (memories). We need memories in our life not just to drive from A place to B place or to get the right answer to pass an exam but to remember who we are and what people we have by our side. To revive all the moments we encounter happiness and even sadness, â€Å"memory is a way of holding onto the things you love, the things you are, the things you never want to lose† from the television show The Wonder Year.

PR and HER professional

How to evaluated and chose several selection devices such as interview or ability tests to reject or accept applicants. To evaluated and chose whether or not to utilize integrity testing and drug jesting. Introduction The human resources department will go through a number of steps of selection of candidates for the new office. There will be important process and procedure for recruitment and selection by the help of interviews and other techniques.In any business process the steps for formal selection and recruitment are based on the important motive. It ensures that the candidates are put in the right place for particular roles and responsibilities in an organization. Legal Aspects Here are the following laws legislation impacting the recruitment and election process that are to be taken care before a person can be recruited for the new facility.Equal Pay Act 1970 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976/Amendment Act 2000 Parental Leave Regulations 1 999 The Disability Discrimination Act 1 996, 2005, 2006 EX. Directive 1000/78/SEC on Equal Treatment in Employment Equal Act 2006 work and Families Act 2006 The general philosophy of equality legislation is that individuals are treated right and not judged on the basis of their external characteristics such as age, gender but on individual merit; that is the general rule and violation of it institutes discrimination.Equality legislation does not prevent selection on the basis of merit (Purcell, 2003). Preliminary screening This step will be carried out in three stages because the preliminary screening should only filter out the candidates who cannot become part of the company even after the required training and mentoring because they lack the basic aptitude level required to imbibe the functional expertise along with the organizational behavior of the company.These candidates whose career and personal goals are not in line with the organizational goals need to be laminated at this stage (Purcell, 200 3). Resume shortening The first step pertains to the resume shortening which will be done to see if the candidate has any inclination towards the products offerings of the company and is dynamic enough to become part of the company. It depends on the functional expertise and the job description whether the candidate fulfills the required prerequisites like education, extracurricular, professional courses etc.This stage is crucial as it will enlist the qualify set of the prospective candidates (sermon, 2007). Written test The next step is to conduct the written test which will be designed to test the candidate basic knowledge regarding the recent trends in the technological products. This will be aimed at eliminating the students who look good on paper but lack the practical knowledge about the industry. This stage would enlist the consideration set of candidates that are to be considered for the later stage.Group discussion This stage will aim at weeding out the candidates who do no t have group communication skills which is required for inter-functional interactions and negotiations. This company is a geographically diverse organization; the products are a result Of the massive inter-functional conflicts and resolutions. Any individual who become a part of the company should have the ability to put across his or her thoughts effectively and clearly to avoid confusions.This stage will make sure that the candidate can work in a dynamic work environment to go to the next stage because they will be able to manage the inter-personal conflicts arising out the difference in the expertise and functional aspects of an individual (Purcell, 2003). Group interview Candidates who go through group interview process will be pitted against each other to bring out the best in them and see how they perform in peer pressure situations.This will make them bring out all the knowledge which can be further used to judge if they have enough technical knowledge. This stage will bring out the best in an individual and make the recruiter understand the inner skills of the candidate and the ability to perform under extreme completive forces in and outside the company (Keeps and Delver, 2007). Persona interview This stage of the selection process is the most crucial as this will understand the innermost drives and ambitions of the candidate.This will determine if the candidate fits well with the goals of the organizational culture of the company. This stage is the most crucial of all stages as this will let the recruiter know the goals, aspirations, abilities and the manner that is not possible with any other methods. The interview should be both functional, which will judge the technical expertise required to carry out the roles and responsibilities of the candidate and HER interview will judge the overall resonantly of the candidates (Armstrong 2008). Functional The first personal intent. IEEE is aimed at understanding the technical knowledge in depth and cross qu estioning in order to make sure if the candidate is theoretically driven and understand the concepts as well. This round will be more rigorous for product development, logistics, operations, R and D less for sales and marketing, PR and HER professional. The interview should be unstructured in order to provide maximum control to the candidate because this is not an elimination round but a selection round. This will ensure that anxiety is reduced and the candidate performs at his or her best (Allen and White 2007).HER This round of interview will play a deciding role in the hiring of the candidate as it will decide further if the candidate fits well in the job description. This round can be considered as a formality for some candidate as they fit to the requirement of the company as judged in the previous rounds. It is essential to finally ask the perspective employees about their long term goals and short term goals and how they are going to fulfill them by working for the organizati on (Allen and White 2007). References Allen, M. R. ND White, p. (2007) Strategic management and HARM, in Oxford Handbook of Human Resources Management, deed Peter Boxful, John Purcell and Patrick Wright, Oxford University Press, Oxford Armstrong, M. (2008). Strategic Human Resources Management: A Guide to Action Fourth edition, United Kingdom, Kananga Page Limited Keeps, S. , & Delver,J. E. (2007). HARM systems and the problem of internal fit. In p. Boxful, J. Purcell & P. M. Wright (DES. ), the handbook of human resources management (up. 385-404). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wearable Computer

Ever since the development of the ENIGMA (the first digital computer), computers have inspired our imagination. In this period came the World War II code breaking machine designed by Alan Turing, and Von Neuman’s ENIAC which can be called dinosaurs compared to present day PCs. In the earlier days, computers were so huge that it took an entire building, or at least a floor to occupy one. Computers of that era were very slow by today’s standards.In the non-ending struggle to increase computing speed, it was found out that speed of electricity might become a limiting factor in the speed of computation, and so it was a need to lessen the distance that electricity had to travel in order to increase the computing speed. This idea still holds true in modern computing. By the 1970s, computers grew fast enough to process an average user’s applications. But, they continued to occupy considerable amount of space as they were made of solid blocks of iron.The input was done b y means of punch cards, and later came the keyboard, which revolutionalized the market. In 1971 came the 4004, a computer that was finally small in size. The programmability of these systems were quite less. Still, computers had to be plugged directly in to AC outlets, and input and output done by punch cards. These computers were not built keeping users in mind. In fact, the user had to adjust himself with the computer. This was the time when wearable computer (wearcomp) was born.In the 1970s, wearcomp challenged the other PCs with its capability to run on batteries. Wearcomps were a new vision of how computing should be done. Wearable computing showed that man and machine were no more separate concepts, but rather a symbiosis. The wearcomps could become a true extension of one’s mind and body. 1. 1. Definition of â€Å"Wearable Computer† Wearable computing facilitates a new form of human-computer interaction comprising a small body-worn computer that is always on and always ready and accessible.In this regard, the new computational framework differs from that of hand held devices, laptop computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The â€Å"always ready† capability leads to a new form of synergy between human and computer, characterized by long-term adaptation through constancy of user-interface. 1. 2. What is a Wearable Computer? A wearable computer is a computer that is engulfed into the personal space of a user, controlled by the user, and has both operational and interact ional constancy.Most notably, it is a device that is always with the user, and into which the user can always enter commands, and execute a set of such entered commands, and in which the user can do so while walking around or doing other activities. i. e. The wearcomp is a intertwined computer. Unlike wristwatches, regular eyeglasses, wearable radios, etc. the wearcomps are reconfigurable as the regular desktop PCs. Wearable computing can be defined in terms o f its three basic modes of operation and its six fundamental attributes.

Monaco Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 16250 words

Monaco - Research Paper Example The political world is represented as contained by big nations, but there are a number of smaller states and territories (SSTs) with political and/or economic influence in the global political landscape (Paul: 1). Altogether there are 56 smaller nations and over 100 smaller territories that are controlled by larger states. A vast majority of SSTs are islands such as Fiji or Barbados. However, there are some states that are landlocked or surrounded by larger countries or located on the coastlines of larger states. These SSTs are countries such as Brunei or the Principality of Monaco (Paul:1) What separates Monaco from a majority of SSTs is that while many of these states recently enjoyed independence in the post-colonial era, Monaco has enjoyed seven centuries of independence (Paul: 1). Monaco also enjoys the distinction of having a forward economy and thus is an SST worthy of closer examination (Paul: 2). This case study is organized and presented in six main parts. The six main parts are: geography, history, political system, economics, culture and tourism and gastronomy. In discussing each of these areas of the Principality of Monaco, a detailed country profile is created that provides an understanding of how and why, the world’s second smallest independent county has managed to secure a place of prominence in the international order. Monaco is a sovereign nation located in the French Riviera (the south-eastern most portion of France, wherein the region is referred to as CÃ ´te dAzur in French and CÃ ²sta dAzur in Occitan, both of which translate into Azure Coast) at the foot of the Maritime Alps. Because of its location Monaco is bordered by France thrice over (to its north, south, and west), with what remains as its Mediterranean coastline, The city-state is notoriously small, being second only to The Vatican City at 1.9 km squared in surface area (King: 15). As a city-state, Monaco is

Is War Against Terrorism Moral And Has It Done Things Better Or Worse Essay

Is War Against Terrorism Moral And Has It Done Things Better Or Worse - Essay Example This essay stresses that the Christians the world over were in a state of bother and tension so as to find out the real reason why the world had stood up against them and were hell bent upon destroying them. It would not be wrong to state at this point that Christians all over the world were vocal and carried out large processions as to encourage the US government and its allies to take steps to counter these very attacks. A number of wars and fights started in the wake of War on Terrorism and it sparked off a number of controversies as to the real reasons for starting the same on countries like Afghanistan and Iraq. This paper makes a conclusion that the war on terror has brought a change in the way the world is being run. The different governments have to take one or the other side in this whole muddle. The need is to understand who the winner is and who the loser is eventually. More than that, the governments have to seek ways in which they could counter the pressures that are exerted by the US regime from time to time. For third world nations, this becomes an issue of immense importance since they are already stuck in one problem or the other, add to that the pressure meted down by the US authorities every now and so often. War on terror is not a war on the poor yet oil rich nations, it is a war for the benefits of the super power of the world, which it wants to win no matter what happens.

Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education - Research Paper Example It is a holistic process and continues through our life (http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com, Importance of Education). Thus taking the definitions given by our sources, we can say that education is a continuous process of acquiring knowledge to prepare oneself or others for the future. 2 The Importance of Education Education makes a better citizen (http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com, Importance of Education). Through education, we will know our history and culture and absorb those values taught. It opens our mind and develops our skills and capabilities. Education allows us to understand our duties as a citizen and uphold us to follow these duties. A good citizen knows how to do his duties and responsibilities. I believe that through education, a person acquires the knowledge to understand and recognize his value as a citizen of the country. 3 Another significance of education is that it ensures a productive future (http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com, Importance of Education). As defined, it is a continuous process and futuristic in character. Once a person receives a good education, he gets a secure future. A person is productive once he acquires new skills and talents through education. It is well acknowledged that education is a way for a better future. An educated man is guaranteed to a future full of opportunities to work. The jobs and professions require education as one of the basic prerequisites before a person can be hired. Each position requires a different standard or level of education. Thus a person’s future career greatly depends on his education. 4 Education opens new vistas (http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com, Importance of Education). It has the capability to open new vistas for us. Our education teaches us to expand our outlook and it widens our mental capacity to understand different point of views aiming for a greater enlightenment. Being educated, we are trained to accept and respect varying opinions and outlook of other people. Each person has his own stand and ideals to live. Our education helps us understand these variances in life. 5 Education helps spread awareness and in decision-making (http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com, Importance of Education). Education teaches us to distinguish right from wrong. It gives us the right answers. Decision making can be a very tough and challenging process. Since it is a fundamental part of our life, education enables us to take the right decision and prevent losses. 6 Another importance of education is that it bolsters confidence (http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com, Importance of Education). When a person is educated, he develops his self-confidence. A person with confidence shows he has belief in his self and his capabilities. Education helps us strengthens our self belief that we can face any challenges ahead of us. By relying to our capabilities, we are ready to take any risk and conquer all the tests in our life. 7 Education and the Future Our future greatly depends in our education. Our education is a very important tool in life. This is a key to our future and our success. We desire to achieve the goals we dream in our lives. Without education, people wouldn’t have high developed skills and talents that would help them become successful both in our careers,